The European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) Emergency Task Force (ETF) has recommended that COVID-19 vaccines used during the 2026–2027 vaccination campaign be updated to target the SARS-CoV-2 XFG variant, citing evidence that it offers the most effective protection against currently circulating strains.

The XFG variant, part of the JN.1 family of Omicron subvariants, has become one of the dominant COVID-19 strains globally. According to the EMA, XFG circulation increased significantly from June 2025 and accounted for approximately 74 percent of genetically sequenced infections worldwide at its peak in October 2025. While its prevalence varies across regions, it continues to remain a major circulating JN.1-related subvariant.

The recommendation follows extensive consultations between the ETF, the World Health Organization (WHO), international health partners and vaccine manufacturers. The task force reviewed a broad range of scientific evidence, including viral evolution data, vaccine effectiveness studies involving JN.1/KP.2 and LP.8.1-based vaccines and animal studies evaluating vaccine candidates adapted to XFG, LP.8.1 and BA.3.2.2 variants.

Based on the available evidence, the ETF concluded that vaccines targeting XFG are likely to provide the strongest protection against COVID-19 caused by JN.1-related Omicron subvariants and may also offer protection against the BA.3.2 variant. The agency noted that vaccines targeting the LP.8.1 strain could still be considered for use during the 2026 vaccination season.

However, EMA cautioned that the recommendation may require revision if the epidemiological situation changes significantly, particularly in light of the growing circulation of the genetically distinct BA.3.2 variant and its potential for further evolution and immune escape.

Following the recommendation, marketing authorisation holders have been asked to engage with EMA regarding updates to their vaccine authorisations. The agency expects all authorised COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers to align their vaccine compositions with the latest guidance.

In addition, developers working on new COVID-19 vaccines targeting variants other than XFG have been encouraged to consult with EMA to discuss strategies for modifying their vaccine formulations.

While EMA provides scientific recommendations, final decisions regarding vaccination campaigns and vaccine deployment for 2026 and 2027 will be made by national authorities across the European Union based on their respective public health priorities and epidemiological conditions.