The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has released final guidance establishing a clear framework for how drug companies can develop, distribute, and label apps used alongside their prescription medicines. The guidance ends longstanding uncertainty by providing recommendations about when app content is subject to FDA submission requirements, when an app should be mentioned on a drug’s official label, and what companies should submit to the agency.

Captain Chris Wheeler, Pharm.D., Director—Division of Medical Policy Programs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, said, “Mobile apps are playing a growing role in how patients manage their medications and health conditions. This guidance helps ensure that the information these tools provide is accurate, evidence-based, and clearly communicated to both patients and their providers.”

The guidance addresses 3 key questions for industry: when app content is treated as FDA-required labeling versus promotional labeling, when an app should be referenced in a drug’s official prescribing information, and what companies should submit to FDA when they distribute app content to users.

The guidance identifies 2 categories of companion software: apps connected to a medical device (such as an app paired with an asthma inhaler) generally should be described on the drug’s official prescribing label, given the central role the software plays in how the medicine is used and standalone apps (such as symptom trackers, dose reminders, or health coaching tools) should appear on the prescribing label if the company can show the app is essential for safe and effective use or can demonstrate a meaningful clinical benefit. In most cases, content a companion app displays to users will be treated as promotional material, consistent with how the FDA handles other drug advertising.

Michael Davis, MD, PhD, Director—CDER, FDA, said, “This guidance reflects FDA’s commitment to responsible, risk-proportionate oversight of digital health, an area that is a key priority for the agency and is evolving rapidly and holds significant promise for improving patient care. By aligning our approach across drug and device centers, we are giving developers a clear and consistent pathway to bring safe, effective digital health technologies to patients.”

This guidance also reflects the FDA’s ongoing commitment to modernising its regulatory framework to keep pace with rapidly evolving digital health technologies. By providing clear, practical recommendations for both drug-connected software and standalone software, the agency aims to reduce unnecessary uncertainty for developers and manufacturers while preserving the safety and effectiveness standards that patients and healthcare providers rely on.

Jared Seehafer, MS, Deputy Commissioner for Technology, FDA, said, “Companion apps are quickly moving beyond simple dose reminders toward tools that adapt to each patient. Finalising this guidance gives drug companies and their technology partners a stable foundation to build on as these technologies advance and helps ensure patients and providers can trust the information they receive.”